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Clinton Hill is an affluent〔Rawson, Elizabeth Reich. "Clinton Hill" in , p.272〕 neighborhood in north-central Brooklyn, a borough of New York City. It is bordered by the Brooklyn Navy Yard and the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway to the north, Williamsburg to the northeast, Classon Avenue and Bedford–Stuyvesant to the east, Atlantic Avenue and Prospect Heights to the south and southwest and Vanderbilt Avenue and Fort Greene to the west.〔〔, p.xxxi〕 The neighborhood is served by the NYPD's 88th Precinct.〔(88th Precinct ), NYPD.〕 "The Hill", as the general area was known – with a maximum elevation of , the highest in the area〔 – was believed to have health benefits because many people believed that germs were more prevalent in low-lying areas. The area is named after Clinton Avenue, which in turn was named in honor of New York Governor DeWitt Clinton (1769–1828). The main thoroughfare is DeKalb Avenue.〔 The neighborhood's mixture of apartment buildings, mansions, brownstone and brick rowhouses, and the Pratt Institute and St. Joseph's College, built at various times in a number of different styles, is a great part of its charm.〔 ==History== The area’s European history began in the 1640s, when Dutch settlers laid tobacco plantations near Wallabout Bay. Bedford Corners, situated just southeast of Clinton Hill, was incorporated in 1663, and the settlers (both Dutch and French Huguenot) purchased surrounding lands from the native Lenape in 1670.〔 On August 27, 1776, the "Road to Jamaica" (approximately Atlantic Avenue, the southern edge of today’s neighborhood) was used by the British army in a surprise overnight march to outflank the American army, which was forced to retreat toward Gowanus Creek, and two nights later, to Manhattan. After the war, the Dutch continued to build on the land, which sloped toward the East River and offered great views of the water and of Manhattan.〔 The tree-lined Clinton Avenue was laid out as a boulevard along the crest of the hill in 1832,〔 and by the 1840s, Clinton Hill and neighboring Fort Greene had become fashionable neighborhoods for the wealthy of Brooklyn, who could commute to Manhattan by way of stagecoach to the Fulton Ferry. The area was originally devised as a rural get-away for those "determined to escape from the closeness of city life", as Walt Whitman, editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, put it in 1846. George Washington Pine had bought up the land in the area and broke it into lots, selling them to those who wanted to lead a quiet life not too far from the conveniences of the Navy Yard.〔 Whitman, a 28-year resident of Brooklyn, had lived for less than a year in the area in 1855, where he completed his masterpiece ''Leaves of Grass''. The 1995 ''New Yorker'' article "Walt Whitman’s Ghost”〔Berman, Paul. ("Walt Whitman's Ghost" ) ''The New Yorker'' (June 12, 1995)〕 identified the address as 99 Ryerson Street, which still stands.〔 In the 1860s, after the Civil War, Clinton Hill was developed with row houses, which dominated the street scene by the 1880s.〔 These attracted affluent professionals.〔 The area's development continued after Charles Pratt, an oil executive, built a mansion at 232 Clinton Avenue, which is now part of the Brooklyn campus of St. Joseph's College's. Pratt also built houses there for his sons, which he gave to them as wedding gifts; other mansions followed,〔 part of the general migration of merchants from New York City (Manhattan) to Brooklyn,〔, p.972〕 and the area became known as Brooklyn's "Gold Coast".〔 Pratt founded the Pratt Institute in 1887, and its campus remains a focus of the neighborhood.〔 After the late 1870s, Clinton Hill was one of the stops on the Brooklyn, Flatbush and Coney Island Railway (BF&CI, now the Brighton subway line), an excursion line which would bring families from the neighborhood to Brighton Beach for a day of recreation, and allow them to be home "at a reasonable hour". Entire families would use the BF&CI to relocate to the newly built Brighton Beach Hotel – owned by the same men who built the railroad – for the summer months, while the ''paterfamilias'' commuted to New York via ferry to work.〔, p.1135〕 By 1900, apartment buildings were being built on Clinton Avenue, which replaced the mansions there and on Washington Avenue by the 1920s and 40s. In addition some of the remaining mansions were converted into rooming houses in the following decades, and urban renewal, part of Robert Moses' relentless rebuilding of the city, cleared five blocks south of the Pratt Institute, destroying the brownstones there. This was followed in the 1970s by the brownstone revival, in which many of the remaining brownstones were restored.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Clinton Hill, Brooklyn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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